Hmdb loader
Record Information
Version5.0
StatusExpected but not Quantified
Creation Date2012-09-06 15:16:52 UTC
Update Date2022-03-07 02:51:59 UTC
HMDB IDHMDB0015466
Secondary Accession Numbers
  • HMDB15466
Metabolite Identification
Common NameColchicine
DescriptionColchicine is only found in individuals that have used or taken this drug. It is a major alkaloid from Colchicum autumnale L. and found also in other Colchicum species. Its primary therapeutic use is in the treatment of gout, but it has been used also in the therapy of familial Mediterranean fever (periodic disease). [PubChem]The precise mechanism of action has not been completely established. In patients with gout, colchicine apparently interrupts the cycle of monosodium urate crystal deposition in joint tissues and the resultant inflammatory response that initiates and sustains an acute attack. Colchicine decreases leukocyte chemotaxis and phagocytosis and inhibits the formation and release of a chemotactic glycoprotein that is produced during phagocytosis of urate crystals. Colchicine also inhibits urate crystal deposition, which is enhanced by a low pH in the tissues, probably by inhibiting oxidation of glucose and subsequent lactic acid production in leukocytes. Colchicine has no analgesic or antihyperuricemic activity. Colchicine inhibits microtubule assembly in various cells, including leukocytes, probably by binding to and interfering with polymerization of the microtubule subunit tubulin. Although some studies have found that this action probably does not contribute significantly to colchicine's antigout action, a recent in vitro study has shown that it may be at least partially involved.
Structure
Data?1582753300
Synonyms
ValueSource
ColchicinHMDB
ColchicinaHMDB
ColchicinumHMDB
Chemical FormulaC22H25NO6
Average Molecular Weight399.437
Monoisotopic Molecular Weight399.168187537
IUPAC NameN-{3,4,5,14-tetramethoxy-13-oxotricyclo[9.5.0.0²,⁷]hexadeca-1(16),2(7),3,5,11,14-hexaen-10-yl}acetamide
Traditional Namecolchicine
CAS Registry Number64-86-8
SMILES
COC1=CC2=C(C(OC)=C1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C1C(CC2)NC(C)=O
InChI Identifier
InChI=1S/C22H25NO6/c1-12(24)23-16-8-6-13-10-19(27-3)21(28-4)22(29-5)20(13)14-7-9-18(26-2)17(25)11-15(14)16/h7,9-11,16H,6,8H2,1-5H3,(H,23,24)
InChI KeyIAKHMKGGTNLKSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Chemical Taxonomy
Description Belongs to the class of organic compounds known as tropones. Tropones are compounds containing a tropone ring, which is a cycloheptatrienone ring bearing a ketone group.
KingdomOrganic compounds
Super ClassHydrocarbon derivatives
ClassTropones
Sub ClassNot Available
Direct ParentTropones
Alternative Parents
Substituents
  • Anisole
  • Tropone
  • Alkyl aryl ether
  • Benzenoid
  • Cyclic ketone
  • Carboximidic acid
  • Carboximidic acid derivative
  • Ether
  • Organic 1,3-dipolar compound
  • Propargyl-type 1,3-dipolar organic compound
  • Organonitrogen compound
  • Organooxygen compound
  • Organopnictogen compound
  • Organic oxide
  • Organic nitrogen compound
  • Organic oxygen compound
  • Aromatic homopolycyclic compound
Molecular FrameworkAromatic homopolycyclic compounds
External Descriptors
Ontology
Not AvailableNot Available
Physical Properties
StateSolid
Experimental Molecular Properties
PropertyValueReference
Melting Point156 °CNot Available
Boiling PointNot AvailableNot Available
Water Solubility0.028 g/LNot Available
LogP1.30HANSCH,C ET AL. (1995)
Experimental Chromatographic PropertiesNot Available
Predicted Molecular Properties
PropertyValueSource
Water Solubility0.028 g/LALOGPS
logP1.59ALOGPS
logP1.46ChemAxon
logS-4.2ALOGPS
pKa (Strongest Acidic)15.06ChemAxon
pKa (Strongest Basic)-0.038ChemAxon
Physiological Charge0ChemAxon
Hydrogen Acceptor Count6ChemAxon
Hydrogen Donor Count1ChemAxon
Polar Surface Area83.09 ŲChemAxon
Rotatable Bond Count5ChemAxon
Refractivity111.38 m³·mol⁻¹ChemAxon
Polarizability42.41 ųChemAxon
Number of Rings3ChemAxon
BioavailabilityYesChemAxon
Rule of FiveYesChemAxon
Ghose FilterYesChemAxon
Veber's RuleNoChemAxon
MDDR-like RuleNoChemAxon
Predicted Chromatographic Properties

Predicted Collision Cross Sections

PredictorAdduct TypeCCS Value (Å2)Reference
DarkChem[M+H]+193.51731661259
DarkChem[M-H]-193.831661259
DeepCCS[M+H]+193.23530932474
DeepCCS[M-H]-190.87730932474
DeepCCS[M-2H]-224.58830932474
DeepCCS[M+Na]+199.81730932474
AllCCS[M+H]+194.532859911
AllCCS[M+H-H2O]+191.932859911
AllCCS[M+NH4]+197.032859911
AllCCS[M+Na]+197.732859911
AllCCS[M-H]-199.432859911
AllCCS[M+Na-2H]-199.832859911
AllCCS[M+HCOO]-200.432859911

Predicted Kovats Retention Indices

Underivatized

MetaboliteSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
ColchicineCOC1=CC2=C(C(OC)=C1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C1C(CC2)NC(C)=O4733.2Standard polar33892256
ColchicineCOC1=CC2=C(C(OC)=C1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C1C(CC2)NC(C)=O3364.6Standard non polar33892256
ColchicineCOC1=CC2=C(C(OC)=C1OC)C1=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C1C(CC2)NC(C)=O3441.8Semi standard non polar33892256

Derivatized

Derivative Name / StructureSMILESKovats RI ValueColumn TypeReference
Colchicine,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=C(C3=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3C(N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)CC2)C(OC)=C1OC3172.4Semi standard non polar33892256
Colchicine,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=C(C3=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3C(N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)CC2)C(OC)=C1OC3248.3Standard non polar33892256
Colchicine,1TMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=C(C3=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3C(N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C)CC2)C(OC)=C1OC4372.3Standard polar33892256
Colchicine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=C(C3=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3C(N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2)C(OC)=C1OC3373.1Semi standard non polar33892256
Colchicine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=C(C3=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3C(N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2)C(OC)=C1OC3460.0Standard non polar33892256
Colchicine,1TBDMS,isomer #1COC1=CC2=C(C3=CC=C(OC)C(=O)C=C3C(N(C(C)=O)[Si](C)(C)C(C)(C)C)CC2)C(OC)=C1OC4359.6Standard polar33892256
Spectra

GC-MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Colchicine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, Positivesplash10-053u-1009000000-7a8d292bb6a5673c9d7c2017-09-01Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted GC-MSPredicted GC-MS Spectrum - Colchicine GC-MS (Non-derivatized) - 70eV, PositiveNot Available2021-10-12Wishart LabView Spectrum

MS/MS Spectra

Spectrum TypeDescriptionSplash KeyDeposition DateSourceView
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000900000-c73c5a28a750cece607a2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0049400000-2a76bd81d41e1bc5925c2017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine LC-ESI-QTOF , positive-QTOFsplash10-0gba-0091000000-fb24bc910ffe7bd748112017-09-14HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-03gi-0096000000-1604b0f123208b25b9492021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 30V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zfr-0029400000-dc08a845d6fb327eec562021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000900000-d360bbc1ca27b2e657d42021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000900000-44e9ac8566ca5c6846032021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0000900000-9d973f7afeacb8db799d2021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 50V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0gc1-0192000000-dcb2736f710df3f17b012021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0049500000-27383218cdc6487393072021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Experimental LC-MS/MSLC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0gba-0091000000-fb24bc910ffe7bd748112021-09-20HMDB team, MONAView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0zfr-0009700000-00c1abf086f6716cac6b2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-0009100000-4f6b3c625a68879816702016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-05dl-0049000000-75fafbc5e28d11766c0c2016-08-03Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0009000000-cc76299babee13af85022016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0537-1009000000-247faa52698339d3e5442016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0pi3-9077000000-eb1350fc19fa611668aa2016-08-04Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 10V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udi-0001900000-958a463c4e2f7c3dd5882021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 20V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-0udl-0009500000-8181c90153beb9e9a4f52021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 40V, Positive-QTOFsplash10-052g-5079000000-81182c306cc4f86cf2c32021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 10V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0002-0009000000-b40b49dac61f8e9864fa2021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 20V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0a4i-7009000000-666c5fffe6918e3020f72021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Predicted LC-MS/MSPredicted LC-MS/MS Spectrum - Colchicine 40V, Negative-QTOFsplash10-0006-9007000000-7e1ec907f14345d7e9922021-10-11Wishart LabView Spectrum
Biological Properties
Cellular Locations
  • Cytoplasm
  • Membrane
Biospecimen Locations
  • Blood
  • Urine
Tissue LocationsNot Available
Pathways
Normal Concentrations
BiospecimenStatusValueAgeSexConditionReferenceDetails
BloodExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01394 details
UrineExpected but not QuantifiedNot QuantifiedNot AvailableNot AvailableTaking drug identified by DrugBank entry DB01394 details
Abnormal Concentrations
Not Available
Predicted Concentrations
BiospecimenValueOriginal ageOriginal sexOriginal conditionComments
Blood0.000 uMAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Blood0.000 umol/mmol creatinineAdult (>18 years old)BothNormalPredicted based on drug qualities
Associated Disorders and Diseases
Disease ReferencesNone
Associated OMIM IDsNone
DrugBank IDDB01394
Phenol Explorer Compound IDNot Available
FooDB IDNot Available
KNApSAcK IDNot Available
Chemspider ID2731
KEGG Compound IDC07592
BioCyc IDNot Available
BiGG IDNot Available
Wikipedia LinkColchicine
METLIN IDNot Available
PubChem Compound2833
PDB IDNot Available
ChEBI ID23359
Food Biomarker OntologyNot Available
VMH IDNot Available
MarkerDB IDNot Available
Good Scents IDNot Available
References
Synthesis ReferenceNot Available
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)Download (PDF)
General ReferencesNot Available

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.

Enzymes

General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It performs a variety of oxidation reactions (e.g. caffeine 8-oxidation, omeprazole sulphoxidation, midazolam 1'-hydroxylation and midazolam 4-hydroxylation) of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,8-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase. The enzyme also hydroxylates etoposide.
Gene Name:
CYP3A4
Uniprot ID:
P08684
Molecular weight:
57255.585
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. This enzyme contributes to the wide pharmacokinetics variability of the metabolism of drugs such as S-warfarin, diclofenac, phenytoin, tolbutamide and losartan.
Gene Name:
CYP2C9
Uniprot ID:
P11712
Molecular weight:
55627.365
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Metabolizes several precarcinogens, drugs, and solvents to reactive metabolites. Inactivates a number of drugs and xenobiotics and also bioactivates many xenobiotic substrates to their hepatotoxic or carcinogenic forms.
Gene Name:
CYP2E1
Uniprot ID:
P05181
Molecular weight:
56848.42
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. Acts as a 1,4-cineole 2-exo-monooxygenase.
Gene Name:
CYP2B6
Uniprot ID:
P20813
Molecular weight:
56277.81
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in monooxygenase activity
Specific function:
Cytochromes P450 are a group of heme-thiolate monooxygenases. In liver microsomes, this enzyme is involved in an NADPH-dependent electron transport pathway. It oxidizes a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including steroids, fatty acids, and xenobiotics. In the epoxidation of arachidonic acid it generates only 14,15- and 11,12-cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. It is the principal enzyme responsible for the metabolism the anti-cancer drug paclitaxel (taxol).
Gene Name:
CYP2C8
Uniprot ID:
P10632
Molecular weight:
55824.275
References
  1. Preissner S, Kroll K, Dunkel M, Senger C, Goldsobel G, Kuzman D, Guenther S, Winnenburg R, Schroeder M, Preissner R: SuperCYP: a comprehensive database on Cytochrome P450 enzymes including a tool for analysis of CYP-drug interactions. Nucleic Acids Res. 2010 Jan;38(Database issue):D237-43. doi: 10.1093/nar/gkp970. Epub 2009 Nov 24. [PubMed:19934256 ]
General function:
Involved in structural molecule activity
Specific function:
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain
Gene Name:
TUBB
Uniprot ID:
P07437
Molecular weight:
49670.5
References
  1. Yee KW, Hagey A, Verstovsek S, Cortes J, Garcia-Manero G, O'Brien SM, Faderl S, Thomas D, Wierda W, Kornblau S, Ferrajoli A, Albitar M, McKeegan E, Grimm DR, Mueller T, Holley-Shanks RR, Sahelijo L, Gordon GB, Kantarjian HM, Giles FJ: Phase 1 study of ABT-751, a novel microtubule inhibitor, in patients with refractory hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2005 Sep 15;11(18):6615-24. [PubMed:16166440 ]
  2. Acharya BR, Choudhury D, Das A, Chakrabarti G: Vitamin K3 disrupts the microtubule networks by binding to tubulin: a novel mechanism of its antiproliferative activity. Biochemistry. 2009 Jul 28;48(29):6963-74. doi: 10.1021/bi900152k. [PubMed:19527023 ]
  3. Li CM, Lu Y, Ahn S, Narayanan R, Miller DD, Dalton JT: Competitive mass spectrometry binding assay for characterization of three binding sites of tubulin. J Mass Spectrom. 2010 Oct;45(10):1160-6. doi: 10.1002/jms.1804. [PubMed:20814887 ]
  4. Cerquaglia C, Diaco M, Nucera G, La Regina M, Montalto M, Manna R: Pharmacological and clinical basis of treatment of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) with colchicine or analogues: an update. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005 Feb;4(1):117-24. [PubMed:15720245 ]
General function:
Involved in structural molecule activity
Specific function:
Tubulin is the major constituent of microtubules. It binds two moles of GTP, one at an exchangeable site on the beta chain and one at a non-exchangeable site on the alpha-chain
Gene Name:
TUBB1
Uniprot ID:
Q9H4B7
Molecular weight:
50326.6
References
  1. Overington JP, Al-Lazikani B, Hopkins AL: How many drug targets are there? Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Dec;5(12):993-6. [PubMed:17139284 ]
  2. Imming P, Sinning C, Meyer A: Drugs, their targets and the nature and number of drug targets. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2006 Oct;5(10):821-34. [PubMed:17016423 ]
  3. Acharya BR, Choudhury D, Das A, Chakrabarti G: Vitamin K3 disrupts the microtubule networks by binding to tubulin: a novel mechanism of its antiproliferative activity. Biochemistry. 2009 Jul 28;48(29):6963-74. doi: 10.1021/bi900152k. [PubMed:19527023 ]
  4. Li CM, Lu Y, Ahn S, Narayanan R, Miller DD, Dalton JT: Competitive mass spectrometry binding assay for characterization of three binding sites of tubulin. J Mass Spectrom. 2010 Oct;45(10):1160-6. doi: 10.1002/jms.1804. [PubMed:20814887 ]
  5. Finkelstein Y, Aks SE, Hutson JR, Juurlink DN, Nguyen P, Dubnov-Raz G, Pollak U, Koren G, Bentur Y: Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2010 Jun;48(5):407-14. doi: 10.3109/15563650.2010.495348. [PubMed:20586571 ]
  6. Cerquaglia C, Diaco M, Nucera G, La Regina M, Montalto M, Manna R: Pharmacological and clinical basis of treatment of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) with colchicine or analogues: an update. Curr Drug Targets Inflamm Allergy. 2005 Feb;4(1):117-24. [PubMed:15720245 ]

Transporters

General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Mediates ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates, leukotriene C4, estradiol-17-beta-o- glucuronide, methotrexate, antiviral drugs and other xenobiotics. Confers resistance to anticancer drugs. Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency
Gene Name:
ABCC1
Uniprot ID:
P33527
Molecular weight:
171589.5
References
  1. Stride BD, Grant CE, Loe DW, Hipfner DR, Cole SP, Deeley RG: Pharmacological characterization of the murine and human orthologs of multidrug-resistance protein in transfected human embryonic kidney cells. Mol Pharmacol. 1997 Sep;52(3):344-53. [PubMed:9281595 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Mediates ATP-dependent export of organic anions and drugs from the cytoplasm. Hydrolyzes ATP with low efficiency. Human MDR3 is not capable of conferring drug resistance. Mediates the translocation of phosphatidylcholine across the canalicular membrane of the hepatocyte
Gene Name:
ABCB4
Uniprot ID:
P21439
Molecular weight:
141521.8
References
  1. Vollrath V, Wielandt AM, Acuna C, Duarte I, Andrade L, Chianale J: Effect of colchicine and heat shock on multidrug resistance gene and P-glycoprotein expression in rat liver. J Hepatol. 1994 Nov;21(5):754-63. [PubMed:7890890 ]
General function:
Involved in ATP binding
Specific function:
Energy-dependent efflux pump responsible for decreased drug accumulation in multidrug-resistant cells
Gene Name:
ABCB1
Uniprot ID:
P08183
Molecular weight:
141477.3
References
  1. Polli JW, Wring SA, Humphreys JE, Huang L, Morgan JB, Webster LO, Serabjit-Singh CS: Rational use of in vitro P-glycoprotein assays in drug discovery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2001 Nov;299(2):620-8. [PubMed:11602674 ]
  2. Schwab D, Fischer H, Tabatabaei A, Poli S, Huwyler J: Comparison of in vitro P-glycoprotein screening assays: recommendations for their use in drug discovery. J Med Chem. 2003 Apr 24;46(9):1716-25. [PubMed:12699389 ]
  3. Nagy H, Goda K, Fenyvesi F, Bacso Z, Szilasi M, Kappelmayer J, Lustyik G, Cianfriglia M, Szabo G Jr: Distinct groups of multidrug resistance modulating agents are distinguished by competition of P-glycoprotein-specific antibodies. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2004 Mar 19;315(4):942-9. [PubMed:14985103 ]
  4. Troutman MD, Thakker DR: Novel experimental parameters to quantify the modulation of absorptive and secretory transport of compounds by P-glycoprotein in cell culture models of intestinal epithelium. Pharm Res. 2003 Aug;20(8):1210-24. [PubMed:12948019 ]
  5. Ambudkar SV, Lelong IH, Zhang J, Cardarelli CO, Gottesman MM, Pastan I: Partial purification and reconstitution of the human multidrug-resistance pump: characterization of the drug-stimulatable ATP hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992 Sep 15;89(18):8472-6. [PubMed:1356264 ]
  6. Bebawy M, Morris MB, Roufogalis BD: A continuous fluorescence assay for the study of P-glycoprotein-mediated drug efflux using inside-out membrane vesicles. Anal Biochem. 1999 Mar 15;268(2):270-7. [PubMed:10075817 ]
  7. Kuo CC, Hsieh HP, Pan WY, Chen CP, Liou JP, Lee SJ, Chang YL, Chen LT, Chen CT, Chang JY: BPR0L075, a novel synthetic indole compound with antimitotic activity in human cancer cells, exerts effective antitumoral activity in vivo. Cancer Res. 2004 Jul 1;64(13):4621-8. [PubMed:15231674 ]
  8. Tiwari AK, Sodani K, Wang SR, Kuang YH, Ashby CR Jr, Chen X, Chen ZS: Nilotinib (AMN107, Tasigna) reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the activity of the ABCB1/Pgp and ABCG2/BCRP/MXR transporters. Biochem Pharmacol. 2009 Jul 15;78(2):153-61. doi: 10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.002. Epub 2009 Apr 11. [PubMed:19427995 ]
General function:
Involved in transmembrane transport
Specific function:
Mediates potential-dependent transport of a variety of organic cations. May play a significant role in the disposition of cationic neurotoxins and neurotransmitters in the brain
Gene Name:
SLC22A3
Uniprot ID:
O75751
Molecular weight:
61279.5
References
  1. Grundemann D, Schechinger B, Rappold GA, Schomig E: Molecular identification of the corticosterone-sensitive extraneuronal catecholamine transporter. Nat Neurosci. 1998 Sep;1(5):349-51. [PubMed:10196521 ]

Only showing the first 10 proteins. There are 11 proteins in total.